Written by:

Medically Reviewed by:

Dr Mateen Durrani – MBBS, DPM, MSc, BCPsych

Last Updated:

June 4th, 2025

Cannabis Addiction | Signs, Symptoms & Effects

Cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances worldwide, often perceived as a harmless recreational drug. However, despite its widespread use and increasing legalisation in some parts of the world, cannabis carries the potential for addiction and can have significant negative effects on both physical and mental health. For many, what starts as occasional use can develop into dependence, leading to disrupted lives, strained relationships, and serious health consequences.

Cannabis addiction - cannabis roll up

What is Cannabis?

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, is a psychoactive drug derived from the Cannabis plant. It is widely used for recreational and medicinal purposes due to its effects on mood, perception, and pain relief. The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which interacts with the brain’s endocannabinoid system to produce the drug’s signature “high.”

Cannabis is available in several forms, including dried flowers, edibles, oils, and concentrates. While it is often perceived as harmless or even a therapeutic substance, prolonged use can lead to dependency and addiction.

What is Cannabis Addiction?

Cannabis addiction, also referred to as cannabis use disorder (CUD), occurs when an individual develops a compulsive need to use the drug despite negative consequences. While many believe cannabis is not addictive, research shows that long-term use can lead to physical and psychological dependence, particularly in those who use it frequently and in high doses.

Cannabis addiction can interfere with daily life, affecting relationships, work, education, and overall well-being. It is particularly concerning among young people, whose developing

What Makes Cannabis Addictive?

Although cannabis is often considered less addictive than substances like alcohol or opioids, its potential for addiction lies in its impact on the brain’s reward system. THC stimulates dopamine release, reinforcing the pleasurable effects of the drug and encouraging repeated use. Over time, the brain adapts to these changes, making it harder for users to experience pleasure without cannabis.

Several factors can increase the risk of cannabis addiction, including:

Frequent use: Daily or near-daily use significantly raises the risk of dependency.
High-THC strains: Modern cannabis strains contain much higher THC levels than in the past, increasing addiction potential.
Genetics: A family history of substance abuse can make an individual more prone to addiction.
Mental health issues: Those with anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions may use cannabis as a coping mechanism, leading to dependency.
Early exposure: Using cannabis during adolescence increases the likelihood of addiction due to ongoing brain development.

Signs and Symptoms of Cannabis Addiction

Recognising cannabis addiction can be challenging, as the substance is often perceived as non-addictive or easy to quit. However, for some individuals, cannabis use can develop into a dependency that impacts daily life, mental well-being, and personal responsibilities. Below are key signs and symptoms that may indicate cannabis addiction:

Increased Tolerance

Over time, the body adapts to regular cannabis use, requiring larger amounts to achieve the same effects. This can lead to more frequent consumption and a greater risk of dependence.

Withdrawal Symptoms

When not using cannabis, individuals may experience withdrawal symptoms such as:

Irritability and mood swings
Insomnia and restless sleep
Intense cravings for cannabis
Anxiety or depression
Decreased appetite and nausea

These symptoms can make it difficult to stop using, reinforcing continued consumption.

Loss of Control

A major sign of addiction is being unable to cut down or quit, even after multiple attempts. Individuals may set limits on their use but find themselves exceeding them regularly.

Neglecting Responsibilities

Cannabis use can take priority over work, school, or personal obligations. This may manifest as:

Frequent absences or poor performance at work or school
Avoiding social engagements to stay home and use cannabis
Ignoring important responsibilities, such as paying bills or maintaining hygiene

Continued Use Despite Negative Effects

Even when cannabis use leads to adverse consequences, individuals may struggle to stop.

These effects can include:

Increased anxiety, paranoia, or panic attacks
Financial strain due to excessive spending on cannabis
Strained relationships with family, friends, or partners

Loss of Interest in Activities

Hobbies, personal goals, and social interactions may take a backseat as cannabis becomes the primary focus.

This can lead to:

Spending less time with loved ones
Losing motivation for activities once enjoyed
Feeling detached from life outside of cannabis use

Using Cannabis to Cope

Many individuals start using cannabis to relax, sleep or manage stress. However, if it becomes the primary way of dealing with emotions, it can indicate dependence. Relying on cannabis to escape problems rather than addressing them directly can reinforce addictive behaviours.

The Dangerous Side Effects of Cannabis Addiction

Cannabis is often perceived as a harmless substance, with many touting its medicinal benefits and recreational appeal. However, chronic cannabis use can lead to a range of serious health consequences that impact both the body and mind. While occasional use may not pose significant risks for some, addiction and prolonged exposure to THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, can result in lasting damage. Below are some of the most concerning effects of cannabis addiction:

Memory Impairment and Cognitive Decline

Long-term cannabis use has been linked to impaired memory and reduced cognitive function. Regular exposure to THC affects the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. This can lead to difficulties in retaining new information, problem-solving, and decision-making. In younger users, whose brains are still developing, these effects may be even more pronounced, potentially leading to long-term cognitive deficits.

Respiratory Issues and Lung Damage

Despite the common belief that cannabis is a safer alternative to tobacco, smoking cannabis can still harm the lungs. Cannabis smoke contains many of the same harmful chemicals as tobacco smoke, including tar and carcinogens. Chronic users may develop respiratory issues such as chronic bronchitis, persistent coughing, and increased mucus production. While vaping and edibles provide alternative methods of consumption, smoking remains the most common form of use, putting frequent users at risk of long-term lung damage.

Increased Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Risks

Cannabis consumption can significantly elevate heart rate, sometimes by as much as 20–50 beats per minute. This increased heart rate can last for several hours after use, placing additional strain on the cardiovascular system. For individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or high blood pressure, regular cannabis use may heighten the risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular complications.

Psychotic Symptoms and Mental Health Disorders

One of the most alarming effects of high-potency cannabis is its potential to induce psychotic symptoms. In some users, particularly those who consume high doses of THC, cannabis can trigger hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, and disorganised thinking. Long-term heavy use has been associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, especially in individuals with a genetic predisposition to mental illness. Anxiety, depression, and mood instability are also common in those struggling with cannabis addiction.

Impaired Motor Function and Increased Accident Risk

Cannabis affects coordination, reaction time, and motor skills, making everyday activities like driving and operating machinery extremely dangerous. Studies have shown that cannabis use significantly increases the likelihood of car accidents due to impaired judgment and slower response times. Even moderate use can lead to reduced motor function, putting both the user and those around them at risk.

Unlike opioids, cannabis does not cause fatal overdoses, but consuming excessive amounts can lead to severe effects, commonly known as “greening out”. Symptoms include extreme paranoia and anxiety, hallucinations, severe nausea and vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome), dizziness, loss of coordination, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. These effects can be highly distressing and may require medical intervention, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.

The Impact on Mental Health

Cannabis addiction can have severe consequences on mental health, particularly for individuals who are predisposed to psychiatric conditions. While some people use cannabis to self-medicate for anxiety, stress, or depression, chronic use often exacerbates these issues rather than alleviating them. The brain’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and cognitive function, can become dysregulated with prolonged THC exposure, leading to long-term mental health challenges.

Anxiety and Depression

Chronic cannabis consumption has been associated with an increased risk of developing mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. A comprehensive analysis indicated that cannabis use was linked to a modest rise in depressive outcomes.

Moreover, studies have found that individuals with cannabis use disorder are more susceptible to psychiatric conditions such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder.

Psychosis and Schizophrenia

High-potency cannabis has been associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders, particularly in young users. Regular consumption of THC-rich strains can trigger hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia, mimicking symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies suggest that individuals with a genetic predisposition to psychosis are particularly vulnerable, with cannabis use potentially accelerating or worsening the onset of schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses.

Amotivational Syndrome

Long-term cannabis use has also been linked to amotivational syndrome, a condition characterised by a lack of drive, ambition and an overall decline in productivity. A cross-sectional study found that frequent cannabis use was associated with a greater functional impact on mood, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive symptoms, and externalising behaviours compared to non-users. Chronic users often struggle with maintaining focus, setting goals, or completing tasks, which can negatively impact their personal and professional lives. This lack of motivation can lead to academic failure, job loss, and deteriorating relationships, trapping individuals in a cycle of dependence.

Increased Suicidal Thoughts

Several studies indicate a concerning link between heavy cannabis use and suicidal ideation, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Cannabis can alter brain chemistry in ways that increase feelings of hopelessness and emotional distress, making vulnerable individuals more susceptible to thoughts of self-harm. This risk is heightened for those already struggling with mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. For example, a study found that teens who use cannabis recreationally are two to four times more likely to develop psychiatric disorders, including depression and suicidality, compared to non-users.

Overcoming Cannabis Addiction

For those struggling to break free from cannabis addiction, professional support can make all the difference for those struggling to regain control as they provide the necessary structure, guidance, and coping strategies for long-term recovery.

Here are some of the key components of rebab that can help you overcome cannabis addiction:

Medically managed detox: Helping you manage withdrawal symptoms safely and comfortably
One-to-One Counselling: Addresses personal challenges and underlying causes of addiction.
Range of individual therapies: Therapies such as CBT and DBT help identity triggers and allow you to develop coping strategies.
Holistic therapies: Includes yoga and mindfulness can promote overall well-being.
Aftercare and ongoing support: Linwood House provides access to alumni programmes, continued therapy, and support groups to maintain long-term sobriety.

At Linwood House, treatment for cannabis addiction goes beyond simply stopping cannabis use, it focuses on healing the whole person. The rehab experience is tailored to each individual, ensuring that both the physical withdrawal process and the underlying psychological triggers are addressed. Through a structured programme of therapy, counselling, and wellness activities, individuals can explore the root causes of their addiction, develop healthier coping mechanisms, and rebuild their confidence in a supportive environment. With access to expert medical care, mental health professionals, and a strong peer support network, those at Linwood House are given the tools they need to achieve lasting recovery and regain control of their lives.

Take the first step towards recovery

While cannabis may be perceived as a harmless drug, its potential for addiction and mental health risks should not be underestimated. If you or a loved one is struggling with cannabis addiction, help is available. At Linwood House, our expert team provides the guidance, care, and support needed to break free from dependency and build a healthier future. Call us now to learn more about our treatment programmes and how we can help you regain control of your life.

Frequently asked questions

How Can I Help a Loved One Addicted to Marijuana?

The first thing you can do is to speak with your loved one in an open and compassionate manner. Let them know that you are coming from a place of love, not judgement. If you are worried about a loved one’s cannabis use, the best thing you can do is to get help. Linwood House can help your loved one achieve lasting sobriety and work towards wellness.

What other names is cannabis commonly known by?

Cannabis is commonly known as marijuana, weed, pot, hash, and ganja, among other slang terms.

Why is cannabis legal in some countries?

Cannabis is legal in some countries for medical or recreational use due to its potential health benefits, such as pain relief, and changing public attitudes. Legalisation is also seen as a way to regulate and reduce the harm associated with illegal drug markets.

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